In
the past, we have asked one thing of our gardens: that they be pretty.
Now they [also] have to support life, sequester carbon, feed pollinators
and manage water,” said author and biologist Doug Tallamy in his
keynote speech at this year’s
Plant-O-Rama
in Brooklyn, New York. This is a wonderful thing. When our gardens can
move us emotionally through blooms and structure and scent, and then
also provide a service to the environment, we are gardening in ways that
may be even more rewarding. Following are four ways our gardens can go
beyond the surface level of beauty.
1. “Right plant, right place” means healthier design. Surely
beauty is in the eye of the beholder, but what is beauty? Is it the
shape and color of a flower? The texture of foliage? The form of a
plant? Is it the artful presentation and juxtaposition of plants and
hardscapes? Certainly it’s all of the above — but that’s just the top
layer.
Make sure you have the
right plant in the right place, preferably native plants that support
more life above and below the soil line. But it also matters which
plants are next to one another. For example, you might want to place purple prairie clover (
Dalea purpurea, USDA zones 3 to 9; find your zone), a legume, among your beds, as it adds nitrogen to the soil, which will benefit other plants around it. Grasses and sedges (
Carex spp)
are
also important to place among small shrubs and perennial flowers — they
will inhibit weed growth while shading and cooling the soil, keeping
more moisture in the ground longer.A matrix of
grasses and
sedges
— think of them as the base layer of texture in a painting — is
important to both beautiful and evocative design year-round, as well as
providing habitat for wildlife. You might also consider how bringing a
highly attractive nectar plant close to a host plant may increase the
butterfly population. I’m thinking
meadow blazingstar (
Liatris ligulistylis, zones 3 to 7) next to
swamp milkweed (
Asclepias incarnata,
zones 3 to 9) for monarchs. (They love that specific Liatris for nectar, and they lay eggs on milkweed.)
See how to find the right native plants for your yardShown: A monarch butterfly larva on
butterfly milkweed (
Asclepias tuberosa,
zones 3a to 10b)
2. Gardens host essential insects, worms, spiders and bees.
I encourage you to get on your hands and knees for 10 minutes, or 10
hours — you know, whatever works for you and your back. Get up close to
see what’s going on among and underneath the flower tops and stems.
Trust me, you’ll be amazed at what you’ll find — spiders on the hunt or
perfectly camouflaged among petals and leaves, an assassin bug feasting
on a fly, aphids pulsing,
carpenter bees excavating into a hollow-stemmed
Joe Pye Weed (
Eupatorium spp), their buzz echoing up inside the stem, or dung beetles rolling their ball across the soil.
Beauty is far more than a swallowtail landing on
golden Alexanders (
Zizia aurea,
zones 3 to 8) or a wash of
bluestem (
Schizachyrium scoparium,
zones 2a to 9b) folding in a warm breeze like ocean waves. We need the
smallest creatures and organisms in our gardens if we want healthy
gardens and landscapes.
Shown: A female
mining bee on American plum (
Prunus americana,
zones 3 to 8)
3. Plants effectively filter water and store carbon. Thickly
and diversely planted gardens can be great at cleaning water,
preventing runoff that overwhelms storm drains as well as sequestering
carbon. I’m a prairie-style gardener — I do live in Nebraska — and it’s
surprising for many to hear that a prairie grassland is nearly as
efficient at storing carbon belowground as a forest of the same size.
I’m not saying our own smaller home gardens will be as good at this job
as larger and wilder areas, but fully planted gardens are most certainly
better at carbon sequestration than lawn, or garden beds composed
mostly of mulch.
The roots of many grasses and
perennials can go 3, 6, even 10 feet underground, all the while moving
carbon deeper into the soil from the air. Add to this the fact that
prairie and meadow plants (many of which are native in wide swaths
across most of the country) lose up to one-third of their roots each
year, which opens up clay soils and enriches sandy or poor soils as the
roots decay. Suddenly rich, healthy soil full of plants storing carbon
becomes a beautiful thing to ponder, right?
Learn more about your soil, the simple secret to gardening success
4. Gardens can create awareness of habitat loss and climate change.
It’s estimated that we lose dozens of animal and insect species a day
to extinction, and anywhere from 1,000 to 10,000 species a year. The
numbers are so varied because we simply don’t know all of the species on
the planet, let alone what intricate role they play. It’s also
estimated that by 2050, nearly one-third of global plant species may be
gone due to land conversion and climate change. We know about
monarch butterflies and
bees, which are in the news every day, but those are just the most well known.
Everything
is linked in a rich web. When we learn about what plants support what
organisms, we begin to garden on a deeper level that’s truly empowering
and richly satisfying.
Shown: A swallowtail butterfly on prairie blazingstar (
Liatris pycnostachya,
zones 3 to 8)
